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Thumb arthritis, also known as basal joint arthritis or carpometacarpal (CMC) joint arthritis, is a degenerative joint disease that affects the base of the thumb where it meets the wrist. This joint is known as the CMC joint, and it is responsible for the thumb’s wide range of motion, including pinching, grasping, and rotating.
Thumb arthritis occurs when the protective cartilage that covers the ends of the bones in the CMC joint wears down, causing the bones to rub against each other. This friction can result in pain, stiffness, and weakness in the thumb, making it difficult to perform daily activities such as gripping objects, opening jars, or turning keys.
It can develop due to aging, repetitive use of the thumb, genetics, or previous injury. Women are more likely to develop thumb arthritis than men, and it is more common in individuals over the age of 50.
Symptoms of thumb arthritis
The symptoms of thumb arthritis can include:
Pain at the base of the thumb when gripping, pinching, or grasping objects
Stiffness in the thumb joint
Swelling or tenderness at the base of the thumb
A clicking or popping sensation in the thumb joint
Weakness in the thumb or difficulty performing fine motor tasks
Treating thumb arthritis
Treatment for thumb arthritis may include:
- Resting and protecting the thumb joint
- Using a brace or splint to support the thumb
- Applying heat or cold therapy to reduce pain and inflammation
- Taking over-the-counter pain medications such as acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- Performing hand exercises to improve strength and flexibility
In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove damaged bone and cartilage or to fuse the bones in the thumb joint. If you are experiencing thumb pain or stiffness, treatment options can be discussed in consultation with Dr Singh as early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent further damage to the joint and improve overall hand function.
