The hand and wrist are complex structures that allow us to perform intricate movements and fine motor skills. The hand consists of the wrist, palm, and fingers, while the wrist is the joint that connects the hand to the forearm.
HAND AND WRIST BONES:
The wrist is composed of eight small bones known as the carpal bones.
The palm contains five long bones known as the metacarpal bones.
The fingers have a total of 14 phalanges (bones), with each finger having three phalanges except for the thumb, which has two.
HAND & WRIST JOINTS:
The wrist joint connects the forearm bones (radius and ulna) to the carpal bones.
The metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints are the knuckles that connect the metacarpal bones to the phalanges.
The proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints are the joints between the proximal and middle phalanges.
The distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints are the joints between the middle and distal phalanges.
HAND & WRIST MUSCLES:
The muscles of the hand are primarily located in the forearm, with long tendons that extend through the wrist and into the hand.
The muscles are responsible for movements such as flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and opposition.
The thumb has its own set of muscles that allow for unique movements such as opposition, which allows us to grasp objects with precision.
HAND & WRIST NERVES:
The nerves of the hand and wrist include the median nerve, ulnar nerve, and radial nerve.
These nerves are responsible for both motor and sensory functions in the hand, including sensations such as touch, pressure, temperature, and pain.
BLOOD VESSELS:
The hand and wrist receive blood supply from a network of arteries and veins.
The radial and ulnar arteries supply blood to the hand, while the cephalic and basilic veins drain blood back to the heart.
Injuries and conditions that can affect the hand and wrist include carpal tunnel syndrome, arthritis, tendonitis, fractures, and dislocations. Proper care, including regular exercise and avoiding repetitive motions, can help maintain hand and wrist health.
